Lexicon
From MurnPost
Revision as of 20:22, 24 May 2011 by 76.118.179.31 (Talk)
Sustainability Lexicon Research
Add notes on a new term or phrase
Have a new term you would like to suggest for the lexicon? Then, simply click here to add a new term. If the term already exists, then you will be allowed to edit the existing term. Feel free to add any notes or thoughts you would like to add!
Don't worry if you don't have all the details or aren't 100% sure the word or phrase should be added to the Lexicon. We are still in the early brainstorming mode, so any thoughts and suggestions you have are greatly appreciated.
If you feel you don't have time to add one term a time but have a list of suggestions, notes, or thoughts, then check out our word-dump page. To contribute, simply click the edit button and add some notes or thoughts to the page.
General Planning
- Use Open Atrium for planning (to request an account on Open Atrium, please email joshuagay@gmail.com).
Latest Term-notes Added
Did you add a word and it is not showing up in the table below? .
| Status | Notes | Related | Keyword | Resource description | Resource url | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accountability | ||||||
| Anthro Capital | A category of vital capitals consisting of human, social, and constructed (or built) capitals. All three are human-made, or anthropogenic, hence the term (McElroy, 2008). | Context-Based Sustainability Context-Based Metrics Capital Vital Capitals Carrying Capacity |
||||
| Biomimicry | the science and art of emulating Nature's best biological ideas to solve human problems. Carbon-sequestering cement inspired by corals and energy efficient wind turbines inspired by schooling fish are examples of biomimicry. | |||||
| Boundary spanner | wired | Leaders who create social value are pushing the boundaries of what is possible and innovating by creating linkages between different sectors, concepts, and technologies. Many entrepreneurial leaders are boundary spanners, including Bernie Glassman of Greyston Bakery and Eric Hudson of Preserve, blazing trails and innovating to create social value, while creating new business models and partnerships. | Since 1982, Greyston, the country’s leading social enterprise, has provided individuals in Southwest Yonkers, NY with employment, skills and resources to lift them out of poverty. Greyston’s unique combination of Open Hiring at the world famous Greyston Bakery and PathMaking services offer a roadmap to assist individuals and families in visualizing and realizing their paths to self-sufficiency. Our spiritually-rooted philosophy fuels community development and a commitment to human growth and potential. Creating Social Value, Cheryl Kiser, Deborah Leipziger, J. Janelle Shubert, Greenleaf, 2014, p. 70 |
http://greyston.com/about-greyston/ | ||
| Breakthrough interactions | wired | “Breakthrough interactions reconfigure relationships in such a way that new and expanded social impacts and innovations come about not because of the what, but because of who is present and how they interact.”
Cheryl Kiser http://blogs.babson.edu/social/2013/12/10/the-uncommon-table-cultivating-breakthrough-interactions/ |
An example of a breakthrough interaction is described in Creating Social Value, when Bernie Glassman, the founder of Greyston Bakery connects with Ben Cohen of Ben and Jerry’s at Social Venture Network and as a result, Greyston becomes a supplier for Ben and Jerry’s, becoming the producer of brownies for Ben and Jerry’s ice cream. Creating Social Value page 67 |
http://greyston.com/the-bakery-open-hiring/ben-and-jerrys/ | ||
| Capital | A stock of anything that yields a flow of beneficial goods or services into the future – beneficial to humans and/or non-humans, that is. | Vital Capitals | ||||
| Destination goals | wired | Destination goals are long-term goals which express the vision of the company to create social value through time-bound actions. For example, the Campbell Soup Company has set destination goals it hopes to achieve by 2020 which cover a ten-year period. Among these goals are cutting the company’s environmental footprint in half and advancing the nutrition and wellness profile of the product portfolio, among other goals. | A Mission to Leverage Our Unique Role in Society
Campbell’s Corporate Imperative CSR Agenda is anchored in our core competencies, fueled by our employees’ innovation and driven by four key destination goals. We are on a journey that will leverage Campbell’s distinct strengths to solve the challenges and take advantage of opportunities for environmental sustainability — not as stand-alone functions, but as an essential framework to make better business decisions, advance nutrition and wellness, engage our employees and strengthen the communities where we live and work. CSR Corporate Imperative 2020 Destination Goals NOURISHING OUR PLANET: Cut the Environmental Footprint of Our Product Portfolio in Half NOURISHING OUR NEIGHBORS: Measurably Improve the Health of Young People in Our Hometown Communities NOURISHING OUR EMPLOYEES: Leverage CSR and Sustainability as Key Drivers of Employee Engagement in Our Culture NOURISHING OUR CONSUMERS: Continue to Provide Consumers with Nutrition and Wellness Choices in Our Product PortfolioCreating Social Value, Cheryl Kiser, Deborah Leipziger, J. Janelle Shubert, Greenleaf, 2014, pages 17-23 |
http://www.campbellcsr.com/Performance/Goals.html http://gre.styluspub.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=395381 |
||
| Eco-Efficiency | A context-free approach to sustainability defined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 1992 (Schmidheiny and WBCSD, 1992, p. 10) as follows: “Industry is moving toward ‘demanufacturing’ and ‘remanufacturing’ – that is, recycling the materials in their products and thus limiting the use of raw materials and of energy to convert those raw materials….That this is technically feasible is encouraging; that it can be done profitably is more encouraging. It is the more competitive and successful companies that are at the forefront of what we call ‘eco-efficiency’.” The eco-efficiency of an organization or product is sometimes referred to as the intensity of natural resource (or natural capital) use. | Context-Free Sustainability Soft Sustainability Natural Capital |
||||
| Energy Sprawl | wired | “Energy sprawl” is a term meant to draw attention to habitat destruction, and to warn that biofuels in particular will take up substantial amounts of land. It was coined by authors of a 2009 paper commissioned by The Nature Conservatory called Energy Sprawl or Energy Efficiency: Climate Policy Impacts on Natural Habitat for the United States of America.
The authors predict that by 2030, energy production in the United States will occupy a land area larger than Minnesota — in large part owing to the pursuit of domestic clean energy. The authors conclude, "the possibility of widespread energy sprawl increases the need for energy conservation, appropriate siting, sustainable production practices, and compensatory mitigation offsets." |
climate impact energy |
Citation: McDonald RI, Fargione J, Kiesecker J, Miller WM, Powell J (2009) Energy Sprawl or Energy Efficiency: Climate Policy Impacts on Natural Habitat for the United States of America. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6802. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006802
Abstract: Concern over climate change has led the U.S. to consider a cap-and-trade system to regulate emissions. Here we illustrate the land-use impact to U.S. habitat types of new energy development resulting from different U.S. energy policies. We estimated the total new land area needed by 2030 to produce energy, under current law and under various cap-and-trade policies, and then partitioned the area impacted among habitat types with geospatial data on the feasibility of production. The land-use intensity of different energy production techniques varies over three orders of magnitude, from 1.9–2.8 km2/TW hr/yr for nuclear power to 788–1000 km2/TW hr/yr for biodiesel from soy. In all scenarios, temperate deciduous forests and temperate grasslands will be most impacted by future energy development, although the magnitude of impact by wind, biomass, and coal to different habitat types is policy-specific. Regardless of the existence or structure of a cap-and-trade bill, at least 206,000 km2 will be impacted without substantial increases in energy efficiency, which saves at least 7.6 km2 per TW hr of electricity conserved annually and 27.5 km2 per TW hr of liquid fuels conserved annually. Climate policy that reduces carbon dioxide emissions may increase the areal impact of energy, although the magnitude of this potential side effect may be substantially mitigated by increases in energy efficiency. The possibility of widespread energy sprawl increases the need for energy conservation, appropriate siting, sustainable production practices, and compensatory mitigation offsets. Editor: Juan A. Añel, Universidade de Vigo, Spain Received: March 13, 2009; Accepted: August 7, 2009; Published: August 26, 2009 Copyright: © 2009 McDonald et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors were financially supported by The Nature Conservancy (R.I.M, J.F., J.K., J.P.) and Northwestern University (W.M.M.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Kate Galbraith, "Study Warns of 'Energy Sprawl', The New York Times, 26 August 2009. Robert Bryce, "The Gas Is Greener," The New York Times, 8 June 2011 |
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006802 http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/26/study-warns-of-energy-sprawl/ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/08/opinion/08bryce.html |
|
| Entrepreneurs inside | wired | Entrepreneurs inside include a combination of people, resources, and structures that create the ecosystem inside a company which allows for the creation of social value alongside economic value. Just as entrepreneurs see business opportunities, entrepreneurs inside see ways to create social value and financial value. Examples of entrepreneurial ventures range from: “the development of a new market-making innovation, product, service, or program…; to the creation of an entrepreneurial culture within their organization or community… to catalyzing change across a networked infrastructure (e.g., addressing food deserts through public-private community networks.” Examples of entrepreneurs inside include Dave Stangis at the Campbell’s Soup Company and Kevin Thompson at IBM. | Dave Stangis stirs in sustainability at Campbell Soup
By Eban Goodstein, Ian Edwards, Meghan Ryan and Christina Wildt Published April 17, 2014 Bard MBA: Could you give us an overview of what sustainability means at Campbell? Stangis: When we talk about it inside the company, we really do talk about building a strategy that drives innovation, cost reduction, time to market and better decisions. And that discipline of sustainability expands every day to new areas such as procurement and sustainable agriculture. Our philosophy is to move from people doing good work to business processes. We leverage all of the tools a business has to drive group performance and integration from training to recognition to even executive compensation. So, that's really the high level, the framework in terms of sustainability: the long-term destination goals to drive change, culture and performance. And there's also the integration piece: How to turn it into business process from just good ideas.Kevin Thompson is a Senior Program Manager for Corporate Citizenship and Corporate Affairs at IBM. In this role he supports IBM leadership as a specialist on the policies, trends and status of Corporate Citizenship worldwide among other corporations, NGOs, governments and multinational organizations. Project management responsibilities focus on the application of IBM’s technological expertise and global reach to the challenges and opportunities created by globalization and emerging markets. This includes leadership of the Corporate Service Corps (CSC) which exposes high performance IBM employees to the 21st century context for business – diverse cultures, policy environments and societal expectations – by placing teams of IBM employees into developing countries to work on core societal, educational and environmental challenges. Creating Social Value, Cheryl Kiser, Deborah Leipziger, J. Janelle Shubert, Greenleaf, 2014 |
http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2014/04/17/dave-stangis-VP-sustainability-campbell-soup http://www.aspeninstitute.org/policy-work/business-society/corporate-programs/first-movers-fellowship-program/kevin-thompson |
||
| Multi-stakeholder | A multi-stakeholder approach convenes companies, governments, NGOs and trade union organizations to implement change and identify solutions. | SA8000 | Social Accountability International (SAI) | http://www.sa-intl.org/annualreport | ||
| Multilocal | wired | This term applies to the organizational need to address both transnational and domestic challenges that boost productivity and profitability without sacrificing local customs, traditions, and related activity. First coined by Giancarlo Ghislanzoni, Risto Penttinen, and David Turnbull in "The Multilocal Challenge", appearing in the March 2008 McKinsey Quarterly. Quoting: We call these kinds of companies multilocals, to reflect their international and domestic character. Such organizations have strong roots in national or regional companies but often expand abroad because they have the resources to pursue mergers and acquisitions but only limited growth potential at home. They hope to take advantage of the opportunities provided by changing regulation and converging consumer tastes. Today, they are especially active in Europe, though we have also encountered them in South America and parts of Asia. | organization design cross-border |
Ghislanzoni, Giancarlo, Risto Penttinen, and David Turnbull, "The Multilocal Challenge: Managing Cross-Border Functions," McKinsey Quarterly, March 2008 For more on balancing transnational and local concerns, see also Dani Rodrik, The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001). |
https://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_multilocal_challenge_Managing_cross-border_functions_2116 http://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2011/03/another-nice-review-of-the-globalization-paradox.html |
|
| Nation-building | wired | Companies promoting nation-building are creating physical infrastructure such as building roads, airports and other networks in countries either disseminated by war or undergoing intense growth. Nation-building can also refer to the creation of financial structures and networks. Roshan is an example of a company with nation-building projects, some of which are described in Creating Social Value, (Kiser, Leipziger, and Shubert). | Since inception in 2003, we have invested approximately $600 million in Afghanistan. To date, we are the country's single largest investor and the largest taxpayer, contributing approximately 5% of the Afghan government's overall domestic revenue. In addition, Roshan directly employs more than 1,100 people, of which, 19% are women, and provides indirect employment to more than 30,000 people. We are committed to providing training and developing opportunities to each and every employee, helping to cultivate the next generation of Afghan leaders and skilled employees. Creating Social Value, Cheryl Kiser, Deborah Leipziger, J. Janelle Shubert, Greenleaf, 2014, pages p. 33-42 |
http://www.roshan.af/Roshan/About_Roshan/About_Roshan.aspx | ||
| Natural Capital | Defined by Hawken, Lovins and Lovins (1999, p. 151) as: “…the sum total of the ecological systems [including life itself] that support life, different from human-made capital in that natural capital cannot be produced by human activity.” It is the stock of environmental resources on earth that yields the flow of natural resource goods and ecosystem services. | Capital Vital Capitals Ecological Footprint Method |
||||
| Paragogy | wired | A new theory of peer-to-peer learning and teaching that Joseph Corneli and Charles Jeffrey Danoff call "paragogy". Paragogy's principles were developed by adapting the Knowles's principles of andragogy to peer-based learning contexts. Paragogy addresses the challenge of peer-producing a useful and supportive context for self-directed learning. The concept of paragogy can inform the design and application of learning analytics to enhance both individual and organization learning. In particular, we consider the role of learner profiles for goal-setting and self-monitoring, and the further role of analytics in designing enhanced peer tutoring systems. | collaborative engagement stakeholder engagement |
Joseph Corneli and Charles Jeffrey Danoff, "Paragogy: Synergizing individual and organizational learning".
This paper describes a new theory of peer-to-peer learning and teaching that we call "paragogy". Paragogy's principles were developed by adapting the Knowles principles of andragogy to peer-based learning contexts. Paragogy addresses the challenge of peer-producing a useful and supportive context for self-directed learning. The concept of paragogy can inform the design and application of learning analytics to enhance both individual and organization learning. In particular, we consider the role of learner profiles for goal-setting and self-monitoring, and the further role of analytics in designing enhanced peer tutoring systems. |
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Arided/ParagogyPaper | |
| Plenitude | wired | Plenitude "puts ecological and social functioning at its core...it involves a way of life that will yield more well-being than sticking to business as usual...plenitude is about transition... (it) emphasizes innovation, macroeconomic balance, and careful attention to multiple sources of wealth. | Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth, by Juliet Schor | http://www.julietschor.org/2010/05/welcome-to-plenitude/ | ||
| Recycle | tired | Processing used materials into new products. | Upcycle | |||
| Remedial Action | Action taken to make amends to a worker or former employee for a previous violation of a worker's rights as covered by SA8000. | Remediation | SA8000 | Coined by Social Accountability International (SAI), in the Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) standard | http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000resources%20and%20http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000 | |
| Remediation | There are many types of remediation that can occur in a workplace but the term is most commonly used in relation to children.
Remediation of children: All support and actions necessary to ensure the safety, health, education, and development of children who have been subjected to child labor and have been subsequently dismissed. Coined by Social Accountability International, in the Social Accountability 8000 standard |
Child labor Social Accountability 8000 Education |
Coined by Social Accountability International, in the Social Accountability 8000 standard | |||
| Remediation of children | All necessary support and actions to ensure the safety, health, education, and development of children who have been subjected to child labor, as defined above, and are dismissed. | Remediation Remedial Action |
SA8000 | Coined by Social Accountability International (SAI), in the Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) standard | http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000resources%20and%20http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000 | |
| Responsible competitiveness | This term is trademarked.
|
|||||
| Rights-Washing | wired | First coined on 18 May 2011 at 4.39 pm EST by Company2 Keep, in a Twitter chat on corporate social responsibilty -- called #CSRChat. (https://twitter.com/#!/search/%23CSRChat) Here's the Tweet:
Media:With humrts policies in place need to be careful of 'rights washing' #csrchat https://twitter.com/#!/company2keepinc/status/70951590248460288
|
||||
| Slow living | wired | |||||
| Social Capital | Shared knowledge and organizational resources (e.g., formal or informal networks of people committed to achieving common goals) that enhance the potential for effective individual and collective action and human well-being. | Capital Vital Capitals Social Footprint Method |
||||
| Social Fingerprint® | Social Fingerprint® is a program created by Social Accountability International (SAI). It is a suite of ratings, training, and toolkits that help companies to implement management systems in a credible, pragmatic and cost-effective way. Through the Social Fingerprint® Program, companies can select components to enhance their existing corporate code of conduct program, or to evaluate their social performance or that of their suppliers. | SAI SA8000 |
Social Accountability International (SAI); Social Fingerprint®; http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/32457-SAI-s-Social-Fingerprint-Expands-With-New-Course-on-How-to-Build-an-Internal-Social-Performance-Team | http://www.socialfingerprint.org/ | ||
| Social Footprint Method | A context-based approach for measuring and reporting the social sustainability performance of an organization, expressed in terms of impacts on anthro capital. Developed by Mark W. McElroy and the Center for Sustainable Organizations (McElroy, 2008). | Context-Based Sustainability Context-Based Metrics Vital Capitals Anthro Capital Hard Sustainability |
||||
| Social Materiality | wired | Term first coined by human rights expert Liz Umlas. | human rights | The Murninghan Post Guest Contributor Liz Umlas, writing on 8 November 2010
The TakeAway: Social materiality gains traction as the role of business in advancing human rights attracts wider support. After years of neglect, companies now increasingly consider their impacts on human rights as material issues, with clear impacts on the bottom line. Social materiality, the notion coined by human rights expert Liz Umlas here on MurnPost, takes the next step of considering corporate impacts on stakeholders’ well-being, beyond the narrow lens of financial risk—and beyond the existing community of social investors. These perspectives showed up repeatedly at the Business for Social Responsibility Conference last week, where business, academic, and NGO leaders cited human rights as a top priority for the coming year. And business respect for human rights will be codified next year by the United Nations within a framework of guiding principles developed through an ambitious worldwide consultation process. |
http://murninghanpost.com/2010/11/08/the-business-impact-on-human-rights/ | |
| Soft Sustainability | Same as Context-Free Sustainability (McElroy, 2008). | Context-Based Sustainability Sustainability Context Hard Sustainability Eco-Efficiency |
||||
| Stakeholder | A stakeholder in an organization is anyone whose vital capitals – and whose interests and well-being, therefore – are affected by the organization’s actions, or whose vital capitals ought to be so affected by virtue of the relationship that exists between them (based on Freeman et al, 2010, and McElroy and van Engelen, 2011). | Capital Vital Capitals |
||||
| Strong Sustainability | An orientation to sustainability performance that regards impacts on unlike forms of vital capitals as not being substitutable for, or interchangeable with, one another. | Sustainability Performance Vital Capitals |
||||
| Subcontractor/sub-supplier | A business entity in the supply chain which, directly or indirectly, provides the supplier with goods and/or services integral to, and utilized in/for, the production of the supplier's and/or company's goods and/or services. | SA8000 | Coined by Social Accountability International (SAI), in the Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) standard | http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000resources%20and%20http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000 | ||
| Supplier/Subcontractor | A business entity which provides the company with goods and/or services integral to, and utilized in/for, the production of the company's goods and/or services. | Company | SA8000 | Coined by Social Accountability International (SAI), in the Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) standard | http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000resources%20and%20http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000 | |
| Sustainability | The subject of a social and/or management science that focuses on the impacts of human activities on the carrying capacities of vital capitals in the world, relative to levels of such capitals required to ensure human well-being -- includes consideration of non-human well-being, as well. | Vital Capitals Carrying Capacity Sustainable |
||||
| Sustainability Context | Requirements for human impacts on vital capitals, adherence to which must be achieved and/or maintained in order for human activity to be sustainable. Grounded in norms, standards or thresholds for levels of vital capitals required to ensure human (or stakeholder) well-being. | Vital Capitals Context-Based Sustainability Context-Based Metrics Sustainability Footprints Stakeholder |
||||
| Sustainability Economy | Green Economy; Clean Tech Economy | |||||
| Sustainability Footprints | See http://murninghanpost.com/2011/03/10/stepping-toward-corporate-sustainability-footprinting/ | |||||
| Sustainability Performance | A measure of the degree to which the impacts of human activity on vital capitals are consistent with related norms, standards or thresholds for what such impacts must, or ought to, be in order to ensure human (or stakeholder) well-being -- includes consideration of non-human well-being. | Context-Based Sustainability Context-Based Metrics Capital Vital Capitals Stakeholder |
||||
| Sustainable | A description of human activity indicating that the impacts of such activity on vital capitals are consistent with related norms, standards or thresholds for what such impacts ought to be in order to ensure human well-being -- includes consideration of non-human well-being, as well. | Vital Capitals Carrying Capacity Sustainability |
||||
| Sustainable Mobility | wired | Transportation infrastructure and services that operate within the earth's carrying capacity. "Current mobility trends are unsustainable, which means that the growing worldwide demand for transportation cannot be met simply by expanding today’s means of transportation." World Business Council for Sustainable Development | Sustainable transport | transportation | World Business Council for Sustainable Development Sustainable Mobility Sector Project | http://www.wbcsd.org/templates/TemplateWBCSD5/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=ODE |
| Sweet gas | Gas that contains little hydrogen sulfide. | Sponsored by General Electric. The natural gas industry is full of unusual terminology. Here are some words you might encounter in Txchnologist’s month-long focus on the topic | http://www.txchnologist.com/volumes/natural-gas/whats-sweet-gas-a-brief-glossary-of-natural-gas-terms | |||
| Tata Index | ||||||
| To Punk | wired | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2gHoQZP4LE | ||||
| Upcycle | wired | The practice of using a disposable item and transforming it into something of greater value. For example: using old PVC to make chairs, taking used canvas to make boots, or using typewriter keys to make cuff links. The term was coined by William McDonaugh and Michael Braugart in Cradle-to-Cradle. | Recycle | Recycle | ||
| Vernacular strategies | The idea of relying on historical solutions for designing architectural solutions that are environmentally sound. Example: the design of Adobe huts to accommodate dwellers in desert settings. Discussed during a broadcast of On Point with Tom Ashbrook, "Is High Heat the New Normal", on 22 July 2011. Referenced by guest Matt Fajkus, professor at U-Texas School of Architecture | Is High Heat the New Normal? - OnPoint podcast with Tom Ashbrook, 7/22/2011 | http://onpoint.wbur.org/2011/07/22/high-heat | |||
| Vital Capitals | Types of capital resources required for basic human and/or non-human well-being, the absence of which can put such well-being at risk. In sustainability theory and practice, such capitals generally consist of natural or ecological capital, and anthro capital (i.e., human, social, and constructed capital). The combination of their respective stocks and flows are also sometimes referred to as their carrying capacities. | Context-Based Sustainability Context-Based Metrics Capital Carrying Capacity |
||||
| Wasted light | wired | A generation ago nobody but astronomers heard the term “light pollution.’’ Now it’s known widely. Light pollution is the artificial glow that you see filling the night sky. It’s caused mostly by “waste light’’ spilling uselessly sideways and upward from poorly designed and improperly aimed outdoor light fixtures. Energy concerns have focused new attention on this waste light, which of course is wasted electricity. | Light pollution | Alan M. MacRobert, "Despite light pollution, the brightest stars shine through," in The Boston Globe, 4 February 2012 Wikipedia definition of "light pollution" |
http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/02/04/giant_stars_shine_through_city_lights/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollution |
|
| Weak Sustainability | An orientation to sustainability performance that regards impacts on unlike forms of vital capitals as substitutable for, or interchangeable with, one another. | Sustainability Performance Vital Capitals |
||||
| Weblining | wired | The practice of denying people opportunities based on their digital selves. Similar to "red lining"--that is, by virtue of one's geographical placement, the denial of loans, jobs, access to other opportunities due to alleged high-risk. | internet privacy | Lori Andrews, "Facebook is Using You" op ed in New York Times, 5 Feburary 2012 | http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/opinion/sunday/facebook-is-using-you.html?_r=1&hp=&pagewanted=all | |
| XBRL | wired | |||||
| Young worker | Any worker over the age of a child as defined earlier and under the age of 18. | Child Child labor |
SA8000 | Coined by Social Accountability International (SAI), in the Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) standard | http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000resources%20and%20http://www.sa-intl.org/SA8000 |
